Question 2
I think that in the Apology, Socrates was not intending to die as a martyr for his beliefs, but moreso that he had accepted the fact that there was no way out of this, and that he was going to die anyways.
One of the main reasons for this is his use of the term wisdom. He has learned that the reason he is wise, is due to the fact that he knows nothing. This, in my opinion, separates him from the term martyr, due to the factthat martyr's will do whataver need be for their cause, while Socrates is just pleading his case against the unfair charges. He does not seem to be pushing his own agenda, just trying to defend his life in the presence of his fellow Athenians. He also, by Apple's definition of the word martyr, does not display or exaggerate his feelings of discomfort, rather he explians the situation as it happened from his eyes.
In fact, when looking at it this way, Socrates' defense speach can be looked at as a kind of lecture. He is teaching the people of the courtroom about his new found knowledge and seems to be attempting to get them to think more critically. He is asking them to open their minds and form their own opinions.
Finally, we can look at how we separate the martyr and someone who is willing to die for their own beliefs. In both cases, one is willing to die for their beliefs in their given sitation, however, the martyr is the one that uses his/her own death to further those means afterwards. When looking at it, there is almost the connotation that a martyr is looking to make a show of things (death being the biggest show of all) in order to further their own belief. On the other side, when someone is merely willing to die for their own beliefs, they have merely accepted the consequences the state has put on their actions, but continues anyways. In essence, the martyr is the next step after accepting your death for your belief.
It is with this distinction between someone who is willing to die and a martyr, and Socrates' real attempts at his defense that we can say that Socrates was not wanting to use his death as a final show to further his own ends, but as merely someone with a belief different from the norm, that he knows will earn him the punishment of the state.
PS- on an unrelated topic... could someone comment with a list of everyone who is in my blog group... I keep forgetting... THANKS :)
